physical activity
A systematic review of studies found digital interventions like wearables and apps weren’t effective in increasing physical activity for people in low socioeconomic status groups.
Although the results from this study were modest, the researchers note that even slight increases in physical activity can have health benefits.
After the one-year intervention, each of the gamification groups increased their physical activity more than the control arm.
A new analysis of published RCTs did see significant benefits among short-term and single-focus app interventions, but noted that "relatively few high-quality studies have been conducted" in this area.